If you work in the private security industry without an SIA licence you may be breaking the law.

This guidance explains when you will need a licence and, if you do, what licence you will need.

When you need an SIA licence to work as a security operative

If you are going to work as a security operative in the UK, you may need a front line SIA licence.

You will need an SIA licence if the work you will be doing is part of a ‘contract for services’ and involves a ‘licensable activity’.

A ‘contract for services’ is when you or your employer have a contract to supply your services to another organisation. For example:

• your employer is a private security company that places you as a guard in a shop and then charges that shop a fee for your services
• you are self-employed and your business is contracted to provide close protection services to a person visiting the UK

A ‘licensable activity’ is a job that requires you to hold a licence before you can do it. Read more about licensable activities.

If you will be working ‘in-house’

You do not usually need an SIA licence if you will be working ‘in-house’. This is when you are employed directly by the company that uses your services -– for example, your employer is a supermarket chain and you work as a security guard in one of their shops.

There are 2 licensable activities where you must have an SIA licence whether you work in-house or as part of a contract for services. These are:

• door supervision at a licensed premises
• vehicle immobilising – this only applies in Northern Ireland

When you need an SIA licence as a director or manager

You will need a front line or non-front line SIA licence if both of the following statements are true:

• you are a director of a company, a partner of a firm, or a manager or supervisor of employees
• your business supplies other organisations with security operatives as part of a contract for services

You must have a front line licence if you personally perform licensable activities at any point – whatever your job title or position within your organisation.

Read more about front line and non-front line licences.

Learn how we define director of a company.

When you do not need an SIA licence

There are situations where you will not need a licence.

You do not need a licence to:

• volunteer -– as long as you have a written or spoken agreement that you will not receive any payment or reward for your work
• check people have paid for entry to an event or that they have an invitation -– but if you then refuse them entry and/or make them leave, you will need a licence
• perform stewarding duties, such as directing people to their seats, toilets or first-aid facilities
• respond to a sudden or unexpected event – for example:
  • you are a receptionist and you help to evacuate people from a building when the fire alarm sounds
  • you are a shop assistant and you step in to calm a disagreement between customers to prevent someone being hurt

You do not need a licence if you work at an airport and both of the following statements are true:

• you are responsible for screening, access control or other security controls
• you wereas recruitedset andout trained in lineThe withPrivate EUSecurity CommissionIndustry regulationAct 185/20102001 (Exemption) (Aviation Security) Regulations 2010

.

You do not need a licence to work in-house at a certified sports ground in England or Wales. A certified sports ground is one that has an active safety certificate. If another team visits a certified sports ground, their employees will not need a licence as long as the team also has a certified sports ground.

If you will be working ‘in-house’

You do not usually need an SIA licence if you will be working ‘in-house’. This is when you are employed directly by the company that uses your services. However, you will need to have an SIA licence if you work in-house and your job involves:

• door supervision at a licensed premises
• vehicle immobilising – this only applies in Northern Ireland

Front-lineFront line and non-front line licences

There are 2 types of SIA licence:

• front line licence
• non-front line licence

Front line licence

You must have a front line licence if you personally perform a licensable front line activity as part of your job. This applies to any job role – for example: employee, manager of employees, or director of a company.

Read more about job activities that need a licence.

Most front line licences come in the form of a plastic photocard that you must wear when you are working. The exception to this is the key holding licence, which comes in the form of a letter.

If your job involves covert activity (e.g.(for example, a store detective), then you do not need to display your licence.

All front line licences allow you to perform the activities covered by a non-front line licence.

Non-front line licence

You must have a front line or non-front line licence if:

• you manage, supervise and/or employ individuals who perform licensable activities in their job
• you are a director of a company, or partner of a firm, where any other directors, partners or employees of that company or firm perform licensable activities in their job

A non-front line licence also allows you to perform the licensable activity of a key holder.

A non-front line licence comes in the form of a letter.

Job activities that need a licence (licensable activities)

You will need an SIA licence if the work you will be doing is part of a ‘contract for services’ and involves a ‘licensable activity’.

The following job activities are all licensable:

• manned guarding
• key holding
• vehicle immobilisation (Northern Ireland only)

Manned guarding

Manned guarding involves any of the following:

• guarding premises against unauthorised access or occupation, against outbreaks of people,disorder or against damage
• guarding property against destruction or premises.

  Indamage, thisagainst context:

  being stolen or against being otherwise dishonestly taken or obtained
  • ‘property’guarding one or more individuals against assault or against injuries that might be suffered in consequence of the unlawful conduct of others

  ‘Property’ usually means objects that belong to a person or businessbusiness.

  Some examples of property are:

  • cash, jewellery and valuables
  • ‘premises’tools, meansequipment buildingsand machinery
  • vehicles

  ‘Premises’ includes any vehicle or landmoveable thatstructure belongand toany aother personplace whatever, whether or business

not occupied as land. It can include exterior boundaries such as walls, fences and gates.

There are 5 types of manned guarding licence. They are all front line licences.

Cash and valuables in transit

You need a cash and valuables in transit licence if you guard property against damage or theft and you transport it in a vehicle designed for secure transportation.

Close protection

You need a close protection licence if you guard people against physical assault or injury.

This licence also allows you to use closed circuit video surveillance for either or both of the following purposes:

• to guard premises against unauthorised access
• to guard property against damage or theft

This licence also allows you to perform the licensable activity of a door supervisor and a security guard.

Door supervision

You need a door supervisor licence if you guard licensed premises against damage, theft, unauthorised access or disorderly behaviour.

This includes using closed circuit video surveillance if it is for either or both of the following purposes:

• to guard premises against unauthorised access
• to guard property against damage or theft

‘Licensed premises’ means a venue that has a licence to do one or both of the following:

• sell alcohol for consumption on the premises
• provide regulated entertainment (for example: boxing, wrestling or film screenings)

This licence also allows you to perform the licensable activity of a security guard.

Public space surveillance (CCTV)

You need a public space surveillance (CCTV) licence if you use closed circuit video surveillance to identify people or monitor their activities for either or both of the following purposes:

• to guard premises against disorder or damage.damage
• to guard people against being injured or assaulted because of unlawful conduct by others.others

This includes using closed circuit video surveillance:

• to stop these things from happening
• to provide information about them if they do happen, including by viewing recorded footage.footage

This licence also allows you to use closed circuit video surveillance for eitherthe orpurposes both of thesecurity following purposes:guarding.

• to guard premises against unauthorised access
• to guard property against damage or theft

Security guarding

You need a security guard licence to guard premises or property against damage, theft, unauthorised access or disorderly behaviour.

This includes using closed circuit video surveillance if it is for either or both of the following purposes:

• to guard premises against unauthorised access
• to guard property against damage or theft

This licence does not allow you to view recorded CCTV footage. You need a public space surveillance (CCTV) licence for that.

Key holding

The key holding licence is a front line licence.

You need a key holding licence for security work that involves keeping, or controlling access to, any key or device for operating a lock.

Vehicle immobilisation

The vehicle immobiliser licence is a front line licence for security operatives working in Northern Ireland only.

You need a vehicle immobiliser licence for work that involves preventing or restricting the movement of a vehicle, or removing it, and then charging the owner to release it. This activity may involve the use of a wheel clamp.