Guidance

Russia: information for victims of rape and sexual assault

InformationThis information is to help British nationals overseas make informed decisionsdecisions, following a rape or other form of sexual assault abroad.

From:
Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office
Published:Published
4 June 2020
Last updated:updated
64 AugustDecember 20262025 — See all updates

First

This steps

information is provided to help British nationals overseas make informed decisions about whether and how to:

  • seek medical advice and attention
  • report to the police
  • engage with foreign legal authorities following a rape or other form of sexual assault overseas

For information on support available in the UK, see Victim of rape and sexual assault abroad

If you’ve been sexually assaulted it’s important to remember that it was not your fault. Rape and sexual assault areis always wrong – no matter who commits it or where it happens. It is traumatic and it can affect you both physically and emotionally. Do not be afraid to get help.

First steps

It is your choice what you do next, but this information may help you maketo come to a decision. The most important thing is to make sure that you are as safe as you can be. You can:

on +7 495 956 7200 (Option 1 for English then Option 2 for consular services) 24/7. Consular staff will be empathetic and non-judgmental.non-judgmental Theyand can provide information abouton local police and medical procedures. Anything you tell them will be treated in the strictest confidence. They can contact your family or friends for you if you wish.wish

For information about support available in the UK, see Rape and sexual assault: returning to the UK.

If you want to report the incident to the police in Russia

Before you go to the police station

If you are in the area where there is British Embassy Moscow or British Consulate General Ekaterinburg,Ekaterinburg, they will try to send a consular officer to support you, where timing and location allow. You will always be able to speak to trained consular staff on the telephone +7 495 956 7200 (Option 1 for English then Option 2 for consular services) 24/7.

If you approach the police directly, you can also ask them to inform the British Embassy Moscow orat British Consulate General Ekaterinburg on +7 495 956 7200 (Option 1,1 for English then Option 2)2 sofor youconsular services) and they can getoffer you consular support.

If you choose to report the crime, try to do so as soon as possible, so forensic evidence can be retained.

Washing yourself or your clothes may make it difficult for the police to obtain forensic evidence. If you change your clothes, take those you were wearing to the police. You may wish to preserve evidence by retaining items such as condoms, toothbrushes, or texts.

In Russia if you are a child or young person, you have the right to report a crime committed against you without a parent or a guardian being present. Once you have reported a crime, all subsequent legal actions (interaction with police, investigating authority, participation in court proceedings) should be taken by your legal representative (a parent or a guardian).

If you are under 16 years old, the police or the investigating officer can question you only in the presence of your legal representative (a parent or guardian). A state-appointedstate-appointed, certified psychologist may also need to be present during questioning.

If you are between 1616-18 and 18 years old, the involvement of your legal representative in the legal proceedings may also be required.

Potential

At risks

the police station

  • tell the police if you think you have been drugged

  • ask for a copy of your incident report and a confirmation that your report has been received and registered. Be aware that all the documents will be in the Russian language only

Extramarital sex or homosexuality is not a crime in Russia, but you may be prosecuted for any activity which could be seen as promoting homosexuality.

Drinking in public places other than licensed facilities is a civil offence, and drug taking is a criminal offence in Russia. A crime committed under the influence of alcohol or drugs carries a harsher punishment.

Police officers

When you file your report, there is no guarantee that youa willpolice beofficer ableof toa choosepreferred whethergender youwill speakbe toavailable a male or female officer or that you will be given somewhere private to speak.

Most police officers doonly not speak English.Russian. If you do not speak Russian, you need to be accompanied by someone who speaks both Russian and English or by an interpreter. If you are accompanied by consular staff, they will not be able to act as interpreters.

In Russia, you have the right to request a state-paid interpreter. However, the quality of their services may be substandard,substandard. andInvestigations youare mayled haveby tothe waitpolice foror theirthe arrival.

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The local authorities in Russia will not inform the UK police and will not ask the UK police to undertake checks on you.

After making a statement

If you know the offender’s whereabouts and would like to co-operate,cooperate, the police or the investigating officer may take you thereto this place to try to identify and arrest the offender.

If thea suspect is unknown, you can ask the police or investigating officer to show you a photo database of registered sex offenders, to check the system of public video surveillance and/orand / or insist on constructing a facial composite of their face. If you have injured the offender, you should inform the police or the investigating officer.

If a suspect is brought to the police station, you may be asked to identify them. If you have left Russia before the suspect was apprehended, you may be able to make identification via video link.link

In Russia you or your lawyer are not expected to go in front of the public prosecutor to make a statement.

Your lawyer will have access to any reports of questioning or cross-examination in which you took part.

Within 48 hours of the suspect’s detention, the investigating officer should submit a request to court to obtain permission to keep the suspect in custody for the duration of the investigation.custody.

The court will decide to keep the suspect in custody or dismiss the request. If the request is dismissed, the suspect may be released on bail,bail; placed under house arrest,arrest; released subject to a travel restriction order,order; or prohibited from engaging in certain actions.

The court may also postpone examination of the request for up to 72 hourshours for for the investigator to present additional evidence in support of the request.

You can leave the country once the case is filed.

If you do not want to report the incident to the police in Russia

The British Embassy Moscow, or British Consulate General Ekaterinburg will be able to help you, including by:

  • helping you to contact your insurance company orand/or your family

  • accompanying you to the local hospitalhospital/medical or medical facility, where possible

  • providing you with lists of  medical facilities, English-speaking lawyers and translators

  • helping you with arrangements to travel back to the UK

  • providing you with information on local support in the UK

It’sIt is your choice on whether to report the crime. If you don’t report it, your case may not be investigated.investigated. 

If you choose not to report the incident, you will still be able to get medical attention. If you have severe injuries, call the ambulance (112/103 from a mobile or 03 from a landline) or go to the nearest hospital / emergency room (‘travmpunkt’) and inform them of what has happened so they could perform the appropriate tests and document all injuries you have sustained.

The medicalBe examination:aware whatthe topolice expect 

Ifmay youstill arebe giveninvolved medicationas todoctors takeare whilerequired abroad,by youRussian shouldlaw keepto thereport labelany orphysical makeinjuries athat notemay ofhave thebeen nameinflicted because of theunlawful medication.action.

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expect

Where to go

Most state and private hospitals, and medical centres in Russia treat victims of rape and sexual assault.

Examination

When visiting a hospital, it is important that you tell the doctor what has happened so they can make a proper examination. AThe respective medical record will include the diagnosis, the doctor’s name, date of examination, your name, the offender’s name (if known), and a list of injuries sustained. It is not recommended to eat or drink before the medical examination.

The examination may include oral swabs, vaginal smear or colonoscopy, and other tests for tracing sweat and grease deposits, DNA, etc. Theas examinationwell willas alsoassessing assess any possible injuries from the assault. After that, the doctor will refer you for HIV and other STD testing. Inform the doctor of any psychological issues caused by the incident.

If anyone goes to the hospital with any physical injuries, which could have been sustained because of a criminal action, doctors are legally responsible to report it to the police.

If you have reported the incident to the police, you will undergo a forensic examination upon their referral. Forensic evidence is collected only at a specific facility and only when someone is referred to by the police or investigating officer.

A A forensic report is especially important when seeking legal redress, including the payment of moral and material damages. With this report, the offender can receive just punishment.

The forensic examination includes external review of injuries, bruises, broken bones, twists, skin abrasions and tearing of soft tissues.  For women, this should be followed by the obstetrical-gynaecologicalobstetrical-gynecological examination of genitals, vaginal smear, HIV and other STD testing as well as pregnancy testing. For men, the forensic examination includes anal and rectal examination, swabs and colonoscopy. Male or female member of the medical staff may be present during the examination. Photographs or drawings of your injuries may be taken.

Be aware the police may still be involved as doctors are required by Russian law to report any physical injuries that may have been inflicted because of unlawful action.

If you want someone to accompany you to the hospital, you can contact the British Embassy Moscow.

HIV, prevention

HIVor post-exposureBritish prophylaxisConsulate (PEP)General medicationEkaterinburg (a treatment that can prevent HIV infection) needs to beask taken within 72 hours of the incident for it to be effective. The NHS may be able to start or continue the 28-day treatment when you return to the UK.this.

Treatment

InIf Russia,you hospital medical staff may nothave bebeen ableexposed to giveHIV, adviceyou on PEP medication. You should go to aa local local Centre for the Prevention and Control of AIDS  urgentlyor tourgently see an infectious diseasesdisease doctor,doctor to take an HIV test and obtain HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) medication.

You mayPEP beis ablea totreatment purchasethat can prevent HIV infection.

HIV PEP medication can be purchased either from a pharmacy or from a local Centre for the Prevention and Control of AIDSAIDS. butHowever, it may not always be available, especially outside cities. In Russia anti-retroviral treatment is provided free of charge only to HIV positive patients.

Emergency contraception

EmergencyPEP contraceptionmedication needs to be taken within 72 hours of the incident for it to be effective. The NHS may be able to commence or continue the 28-day treatment on return to the UK.

YouEmergency contraception can purchasebe emergencypurchased contraception from a pharmacy withoutat ayour own cost with no prescription or medical referral. It may not always be available, especially outside cities.

Paying

Emergency contraception needs to be taken within 72 hours of the incident for treatment

it to be effective.

YouHospital treatment and tests are covered either at your own cost or by your medical insuranceinsurance.  shouldAs coverprovided theby costRussian oflaw, hospitalthe treatment,emergency teststreatment andis medication. free Ifof charge if your injuries pose an immediate threat to your lifelife.

If you have had medication administered in Russia, you should keep the emergencylabel medicalor treatmentmake isa normallynote providedof freethe name of charge.the medication. You can then give it to your local health provider when you return home.

If you want to report the incident to the police in the UK

The support available to you and your access to justice may dependvary onaccording to where you report the crime.

YouIn Russia, a case of rape and sexual assault may be investigated only upon complaint of a victim. You need to report the crime before you leave Russiathe country, if you want it to be investigatedinvestigated, and thelocal police to obtain important evidence.

If While you livecan post your incident report to Russian authorities from abroad, your physical presence in orRussia is required to collect evidence and proceed with the investigation. Russian authorities may be reluctant to interrogate a victim based abroad by video link.

If you are remainingstaying in Russia and the crime took place there, you should report the crime there. If you are a British national and you need help to report the crime, you can contact the British Embassy Moscow, orBritish theConsulate General Ekaterinburg, or Foreign, Commonwealth and& Development Office in London.

If you do not report the crime in RussiaRussia, and you return to the UK, you can still report itthe matter to your local UK police.

The UK police should send the information you provide to Russia.Russia However,where itthe crime happened.  It is for the Russian police to decide whether to investigate a crime in their jurisdiction and they may not take action.act.

You can report the crime to the UK police even if you are not seeking an investigation abroad.in Russia. The UK police can offer you access to victim support in the UK. They may still send some details of the crime to the police in Russia.Russia where it happened. This might be necessary to protect vulnerable people, or to stop more crimes being committed.

Court procedures in Russia: what to expect

WhenUpon youyour make a report the investigator may initiate a criminal case within 30 days. The preliminary investigation may last up to 2 months from the day of its opening and may be extended for up to 12 months,months orand even longer,further depending on the complexity of the case.

WhenUpon completion of the preliminary investigationinvestigation, is complete, the investigator decidesmakes a decision to submit the case to the public prosecutor or to close the case.

If the case goes to the public prosecutor, the public prosecutor will review the case file and, if satisfied, will forward the case to court for trial.trial. 

The prosecutor may also return the case file to the investigator for clarifications. If the case is referred for further investigation, you may be asked to give an additional statement.statement. 

If the case is sent to trial, you will normally be expected to testify in court in person.

You may leave Russia once the case is filed. If you have left Russia, you may be able to testify via video link.

If you change your mind about pressing charges after reporting the incident to the police, you can drop them without legal repercussions if:

  • the court and the publicPublic prosecutorProsecutor agreegive fortheir consent

  • the offenceoffense committed against you tois be defined as petty offence or misdemeanour

  • youthe haveoffender reachedhas ancome agreementto terms with theyou offenderand thatmade they will make amends for the suffering inflicted and you drop the charges in returnharm

Anyone who intentionally makes false accusations to the police or withholds the truth can be prosecuted. The perpetrator may press counter charges against you claiming that your accusations are false. The court will consider these claims.

TrialTaking proceduresyour case to trial

The preliminary hearing is scheduled within 30thirty days after a judge receives the case materialsmaterials. from the public prosecutor. If the suspect is already in custody, the maximum period is 14fourteen days. DependingBased on the outcomes of the preliminary hearing, the judge may return the case to the prosecutor.

If the case is sent to trial, you will normally be expected to testify in court in person. If you have left Russia, you may be able to testify viafrom the UK by video link.

Without your attendance, the court will still proceed with the hearing unless your appearance in the courtroom is required. If youyour areappearance requiredis torequired, appear before the court in person, some of your travel expenses may be covered by the Russian state.

When the court starts the trial,trial of your case, an unlimited number of hearings may take place before the court reaches a verdict.

If the court rules in your favour,favor, the defendant has the right to appeal this decision.

The sentence comes into legal force if it has not been appealed within 10 days after it was delivered.

The duration of the judicial process also depends on the availability of parties and the number of appeals. There may be 4four appeals: one before the sentence comes into force, and 3three more (cassations) – after the sentence has come into force.

The trial and all court proceedings are conducted in Russian. If you do not speak Russian, an interpreter will be provided by the court, or you may commission an interpreter of your choice and at your own expense. You should inform the court in advance to allow them to make suitable arrangements.

Consular staff will not normally be able to attend the hearing with you, and you may wish to be accompanied by a friend or a family member.

SentencingHiring a lawyer

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HiringPublic aProsecutor lawyer

Youduring canthe get help from anEnglish-speaking lawyers in Russia.trial.

HiringYour a bilingual lawyer will helpattend youall gainlegal timelyproceedings insighton intoyour thebehalf ongoingand case,keep ensureyou representationadvised of yourall interestsdevelopments and rights in court,your and timely and proper appeals.case.

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Your lawyer will attendcommunicate allthe legaldevelopments proceedings on your behalfcase andto keepBritish youEmbassy advisedMoscow, ofor theby developmentspost into your case.address abroad.

Legal aid

There is no legal aid in Russia.

Under Russian law, if you are under 16 years old, you have the right to pro bono legal representation in relation to the investigation of sexual offencesoffences. in If Russia.

If you are between 16 and 18-18 years old, you may also receive pro bono legal representation, but you or your parent or guardian need to apply for it. The Russian state willwould cover the cost of these pro bono legal services.

CompensationSentencing

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  • lewd communicationacts will– beactions withintended themto duringsatisfy the investigationoffender’s and,sexual ifdesire

The thesentence casea goesjudge tomay trial,pass withdown thein publica prosecutor.rape or sexual assault criminal case  normally focus on punishment and may include:

  • Yoursuspended lawyerprison willsentence

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Compensation

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Support organisations in Russia

It is your choice to let people know. If you are ready to talk about it, these organisations may be able to help you.you:

Sisters

SistersPhone: offers+7 psychological499 901 0201

Email:  online@sisters-help.ru

Monday to Friday 10am to 8pm

Psychological help (available in English) to victims of sexual assault irrespective of their gender, nationality and place of residence.

POLINA.Crisis Centre for Women

ThisPhone: +7 812 327 3000

Email: advokat@crisiscenter.ru

Saint-Petersburg NGO provides psychological support (available in English) from 11am to 6pm on weekdays and Sundays, legal support from 11am to 6pm on Saturdays. The web-portal includes an online tool for reporting incidents to the police.

Map of crisis support centres for women in Russia

All-Russia Hotline for Victims of Domestic Violence

Phone: +7 800 700 0600

ThisThe hotlineorganisation provides help to female victims of domestic violence free of charge. Most of staff only speak Russian, English-speaking personnel is subject to availability.

Map of crisis support centres for women in Russia

Glasgow and Clyde Rape Crisis Centre 

Glasgow & Clyde Rape Crisis Centre is a support service for British women and girls aged 13 and over who have been raped, sexually assaulted or sexually abused. They can also assist friends and family members of survivors.  

Their service gives access to UK-based real time support from anywhere in the world via telephone, instant messaging or email.  

Helpline and live chat are available from: 

  • Monday to Friday, 11am to 2pm 
  • Monday to Thursday 5.30pm to 7.30pm (UK time)

When you return to the UK

If you thinkbelieve thereyou ismay abe at risk thatof youhaving have contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI), you should ask your local health provider to test you. You should do this even if you have been tested in theRussia country where the assault took place.

You may want to let your GP or a Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC) know what has happened to you.you Youso that you can talk to them about yourthe experience,experience and theyseek can help you get further support and advice where you live.

England

NHS Choices website

Help after rape or sexual assault

Rape Crisis England and Wales

NHS Choices

Scotland

NHSRape InformCrisis Scotland: Help after rape or sexual assaultScotland

Wales

New Pathways: Life Beyond Sexual ViolencePathways

Ynys Saff SARCSexual Assault Referral Centre (SARC)

Rape Crisis England and Wales

Northern Ireland

The Rowan (SARC)SARC Northern Ireland

Nexus NI

Disclaimer

This information has been prepared by UK governmentGovernment officials who are not legally or medically trained. It should therefore never be used as a substitute for professional medical or legal advice. It is intended to help British nationals overseas make their own informed decisions. Neither the UK governmentGovernment nor any official of Britishthe embassies,Consulate high commissions or consulates accept liability for any loss or damage which you might suffer as a result of relying on the information supplied.

Medical information has been provided by The Havens Sexual Assault Referral Centres of Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and was accurate at the time of production (2 February 2022).

Updates to this page

Published 4 June 2020
Last updated 64 AugustDecember 20262025 href="#full-history">—+ Showshow all updates

  1. Guidance has been reviewed and updated.

  2. Information on legal representation and availability of state funded lawyers for affected children and young people and on legal processes was added. The list of support organisations in Russia was revised.

  3. This guidance has been reviewed and updated where necessary.

  4. We have clarified the guidance on applicable legislation relating to consumption of alcohol and drugs. We have also added a map of crisis support centres across Russia.

  5. Guidance has been reviewed and updated.

  6. Updated on 12 August 2022

  7. Updated on 12 November 2021

  8. Updated contacts of the support organisations

  9. First published.

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